Photons “don’t have mass” because that’s how our math and understanding of science and light speed particles was written and is understood.
However as with any science, this could be proven wrong in the future, and in reality photons do “have mass” in that they are an actual physical thing in our universe but they are just so blasted small and move so stinking fast that we (to our understanding) can’t “weigh” a single photon to figure out how little something has to weigh/how little of mass is required to be able to travel and light speed.
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