Since everyone using math needs to use it the same way so everyone gets the same results, there are things done by convention. It literally means a bunch of mathematicians got together, looked at the same confusing crap everyone was doing differently and said, lets standardize this and all do it the same way.
So PEDMAS was something determined by convention. A number line starts negative on the left, positive on the right is by convention. Using [ vs ( in set notation is by convention. That + also means the OR operator in logic and so on. When ever you are in a math class and they say, “X is blah by convention” this is what they mean. A convention happened to straighten out the confusion and come up with a universal system/answer/process.
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