Like dry leaves or shapes of animals. How do they know what to mimic??
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It is evolutionary, those with the best camouflage are the least likely to be eaten and thus the most likely to breed as others have said. I just want to add another thing to that: The smaller the creature, the shorter its lifespan and the faster it must breed as a result. Which means that the smaller the creature the faster evolution can change it. Most insects mature within the year and some reproduce several times a year (or within weeks) which makes it easier for them to find niche roles in a given environment.
This is also why single-cell organisms tend to have hyper-specific environments they evolve for despite them reproducing asexually.
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