A regular deleted file is still on the hard drive, the computer just “forgets” where it is. What that means in practical terms is that the directory for that file is deleted, and the computer now sees that space as free, and can write over it when a new file is saved.
To truly delete files, there are programs that write gibberish over the space where the file was, ideally rewriting several times to make sure that the original file has been completely overwritten.
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