I understand mercury and mechanical thermometers. How do electronic thermometers, like the one in my car, measure temperature?
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Material’s electric properties change with temperature. There are some which change in very steady and predictable way, we can measure these changes from which we can derive the temperature from (generally change in resistance, however you can use whatever property you choose and can measure).
Kinda like you can tell temperature by putting two dissimilar metals together. As it bends with thermal expansion you can figure the temperature. Put a magnet to end of it, measure the magnetism, and you have rudimentary magnet based thermometer. Or you can measure the current caused by that magnetic field moving as the rod bends.
As long as you know the min, max, some stable points in between, you can derive the temperatures from many properties
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