Eli5: how do master keys work?

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How is it that one key, different from others, can open the same lock assigned to the different locks?

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When you insert a key into a lock it causes “pins” to move up and down as they rest on the jagged edge of the key.

Each of these pins is actually cut in 2 pieces. Each pin sits higher or lower depending on where on the key it rests. The cuts in the pins are designed such that all of the cut lines line up when the correct key is inserted into the lock. This is what allows the lock to “unlock” and the cylinder to turn.

Locks that have a master key option have pins that are cut into 3 sections rather than 2. One of the cut lines is for the normal key, the other cut line is used when the master key is inserted. Allowing 1 lock to unlock with 2 different keys.

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