eli5: how do medical labs find out which bacteria or viruses are in a sample if they do not know what to look for?

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So I do not mean a covid test where it is clear what pathogen to look for. More like:
“Hey lab, here is a sample of a patient that feels bad. Please find out what pathogen is inside of it.”

How does it work? And how does it work so fast that they usually return the results within 1 or 2 days?

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Anonymous 0 Comments

The easiest to understand way is they promote its growth then look under a microscope. Most of the different types of bacteria look different under a microscope after you stain the samples. Viruses are harder and you need to know what you are looking for then they test for bits of the viral DNA or proteins that are specific to that type of virus.

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