eli5: how do medical labs find out which bacteria or viruses are in a sample if they do not know what to look for?

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So I do not mean a covid test where it is clear what pathogen to look for. More like:
“Hey lab, here is a sample of a patient that feels bad. Please find out what pathogen is inside of it.”

How does it work? And how does it work so fast that they usually return the results within 1 or 2 days?

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Anonymous 0 Comments

Medical laboratory scientist here the doctors have to place specific orders for the test they need done I.E “covid, stool panel, respiratory culture”. Here in the micro lab we don’t except any order that reqest “test for everything” I think a lot of that is Medicare related, but it helps us to. In the case of bacterial culture we may or may not know what is in it based of site, stain, and experience. Also Doctors have years of education and training to narrow down their diagnosis to a few things that can be tested for. I hope that answers your question.

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