Eli5: How do opiates cause constipation?

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My research has turned up reports that it slows bowel activity and causes too much water to be absorbed, but what does that have to do with relieving pain?

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Think of your nervous system like your body’s Post Office. It’s responsible for getting messages from one part of your body to the other.

When your brain gets a lot of pain signals from your nervous system, it’s like it’s getting too much junk mail from the post office. Opiates are like asking the post office to stop sending junk mail, except instead of just filtering out certain messages, the post office shuts down a whole distribution center. Unfortunately, we don’t understand our body’s post office well enough to be more specific in our request.

This means you’re not receiving the junk mail as often, but it also slows down other areas of mail delivery. One of the important messages that gets blocked is signals to your bowels. This slows down how food/poo moves through your body, and gives your intestines a much longer time to absorb water out of them.

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