eli5 How do permanent magnets work?

Question

I know any moving charges / electric current create a magnetic field, and this is what creates magnetic effects in electromagnets. But how do the exact same effects appear in permanent magnets? And where does the energy come from? tia

In: 5

Answer 1

Permanent magnets have their Domains aligned permanently.

Think of every molecule in a chunk of metal to have positive and negative bits and when you apply a magnetic field to the metal all those molecules align with the magnetic field. In the case of permanent magnets these molecules tend to stay aligned while in other metals they tend to fall out of alignment quickly.