ELI5 : How do phones work while on speaker mode?

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How does phones not transmit back what the person on the other side said while speaking on a speaker?

How does phones understand when to transmit and when not to?

In: Technology

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They send and receive sound simultaneously. There is, however, a process called “echo cancellation”. A “copy” of what is being sent out to the speaker is phase-inverted and fed back into the microphone circuit. This effectively cancels out the sounds of the speaker that the microphone itself is picking up.