The pins and plates etc hold the bones together until they heal and reunite. Orthopaedic surgery is basically carpentry with bone instead of wood, with Meccano attached if required. It takes a while for new bone growth to repair a fracture, so the ironmongery secures all the broken bones together so that as the callous forms and new bone grows, they grow together.
The tendons and muscles that normally hold onto the bones and provide the strength are likely snapped off their fixtures during the break. These bits of metal help provide stability and strength to the joint until the fleshy bits reattach themselves fully to the crunchy bits, and the crunchy bits fuse back together into fewer crunchy bits.
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