(edit: for the purposes of this question I’ll only consider Apple’s Face ID system but thank you to everyone who addressed Android and others) 🙂
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Face ID doesn’t just simply take a picture of your face, it uses an infrared projector to project dots on your face and then an infrared camera sees those dots calculates where those dots are in 3D space. For example if you were to hold up the face ID sensor to two objects, one further away from the other it can determine with certainty which one of the 2 objects is closer and which one is further.
If you were to just hold up a picture of a person, it will project the dots on top of the picture and see that it is entirely flat and therefore is not a face.
[Here’s an example of what the projection of the dots look like.](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/g4m6StzUcOw/maxresdefault.jpg)
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