How do they make tunnels, how do they keep themselves safe and how do they make sure that its safe for cars to drive through with rocks loosening and falling down in mind for example
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There are many techniques, depending on the geology, but one of the most popular is the Tunnel Boring Machine. This is a giant snake-like machine that grinds a round hole in the rock, moving the ground up rock out the end of the machine. It has shields that press against the rock, to keep it from falling in on the machine. After the grinding part of the machine is a casing machine that pumps a ring of concrete against all the sides of the hole, casting in place a concrete pipe that permanently supports the rock.
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