In the most simple terms, they will weigh their results.
Lets say you know the population is 50-50 men and women and take a poll asking who they would vote for in the presidential race(lets just say Biden vs Trump).
You take a random phone poll(calling) and responses you get are 75% women and 25% men. We know that women are more likely to vote for Biden and men for Trump. Knowing this, they don’t just take the results and publish them, they take the results and weigh them knowing the actual vote isn’t going to be 75% women.
Now, it gets way more complex than this because they also need to account for race, age, among many other factors.
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