Humans have the ability to disturb electric fields. The screen is made up of many layers, 2 of those layers are the anode cells and cathode cells. When undisturbed, there is a certain amount of capacitance between these layers. Bringing your finger close disrupts the electric field, changing the capacitance, which the circuitry can detect as a finger touch.
It’s the same tech in those old lamps that change brightness when you touch the metal part.
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