How can we measure how fast the earth moves around the sun, or how fast the earth is spinning, without having some stationary point outside of the movement/rotation from which to observe and measure it?
In: Planetary Science
In addition to the other answers, you can also measure the speed of the earth in relation to the cosmic microwave background, which is the light leftover from the early universe. The CMB is mostly the same everywhere, so it’s a pretty good point of reference for how fast a given object is moving through space.
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