I’m not sure what you mean by storage device, but when the cpu starts up there is logic in it that says it should set its instruction pointer to a particular address, and then there is logic that essentially puts the processor in a loop where it requests the data at the instruction pointer’s address from memory, executes the instruction, moves the instruction pointer forward (either by the size of the current instruction, or to some other address if the instruction was a call or jump, …) and then it repeats the loop.
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