Embedded software is software for things people don’t usually think of as computers: think thermostats (basic ones, not smart ones), kitchen appliances, toys, etc. These tend to have very domain-specific hardware and limited computing power. Whereas normal software engineers have the power of full machines at their disposal, embedded engineers have to keep in mind the limited CPU power and memory they have to work with. Wasted resources are a much greater problem on a toaster than on a gaming PC, for example.
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