(explosive reactive armour )
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It used to be that you could just shoot a chunk of metal at some armor and as long as your chunk of metal was heavy enough and moving fast enough it would penetrate. Then as armor got better different techniques like super-hard narrow rods of metal encased in carrier material were used.
But in the modern age penetrating armor tends to be all about “EFPs” or explosively formed penetrators. This kind of projectile has explosives precisely formed around a metal cone such that when the explosives detonate it creates an extremely high speed jet of metal. Think like how a pebble or something can be dropped into water and as water rushes back to fill the cavity formed by the dropped object it forms a splash that shoots extremely high. When this is a hypersonic jet of metal it can penetrate armor much better than a conventional projectile.
Explosive reactive armor tries to combat this technique as well as previous designs by using explosives. As a projectile is nearing the surface of the armor the ERA will explode, throwing out its own shock wave and plates of metal towards the incoming projectile. This disrupts the projectile before it actually arrives at the armor itself, scattering the EFP jet and deflecting or breaking up an incoming penetrator round.
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