Eli5: How does H2O2/Hydrogen Peroxide work as a disinfectant chemically?

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I’ve seen Hydrogen Peroxide as an ingredient in a lot of disinfectants, but I’m not well-versed in chemistry, so I was trying to get a better idea of how it works. I keep reading something about the extra oxygen, but if that could be Eli5-ed, that’d be great.

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Hydrogen Peroxide is H2O2 and it is unstable, it readily breaks down into just plain water H20 and O. Nascent oxygen, is fiercely reactive *something* is going to get oxidized, living things do do well in such conditions.

Peroxide reacts with human blood, the bubbles are nascent oxygen. Peroxide can be used to clean up a minor blood spill on a white lab coat. The reaction smells like burnt hair or feathers.

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