This is VERY simplified but bear with me
So the understanding is that there are always pairs of particles and antiparticles popping in and out of existence. Normally they just annihilate each other since their charges cancel out. However, at the edge of a black hole since gravity is so strong, under the right circumstances the negative side of the pair falls into the black hole and the positive gets ejected into space. Since the antiparticle has negative energy this “subtracts” energy from the black hole.
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