eli5: How does nuclear fallout emit radiation, and does it include the air?

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From my understanding, nuclear fallout happens when dust or debris becomes irradiated. But does this include the air molecules even with the absence of dust?

And lastly, if you had some, say sand that was contaminated by fallout, how does the radiation emitted work? Would it be similar to heat? In the sense the closer you are to the sand you would feel more heat? I get really confused with why it’s just dust and debris, and how far they can emit radiation.

Thank you kindly in advance 🙂

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4 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

Its the residual radioactive material that gets thrown in the atmosphere after a nuke explodes, could be chunks of metal, the “innards” of the bomb etc.
If the sand gets covered in fallout which means the sand is covered in radioactive material which means if you test the sand you’ll find fallout particles like iodine 131, cesium 137, strontium 90 etc, all which causes health issues. How far they can emit radiation?
I have no idea, probably far enough you’d want to stay faaaar away. Hope this helps.

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