It takes a lot of computing power.
In the early days of bitcoin, they were easier to to mine, and a lot of early adopters put together computers at home that could do it relatively cheaply.
The more of them that are found the more crunching a computer has to do to calculate another, so now it is done by huge warehouses full of computers.
Anyone can mine for them, they just have to buy a shit ton of hardware to have a reasonable chance of finding one.
As to where it is best to mine, that mainly has to do with where they can get a LOT of cheap electricity.
Those warehouses full of computers draw a LOT of power and generate a lot of heat. The cost of electricity really adds up.
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