Pi is the ratio between every circle’s circumference and its diameter. It wasn’t created, it’s just a mathematical constant that exists.
It actually tends to pop up in many different places in math – anything that has to do with circles or cycles for example. Also circles are pretty common in math and physics.
The reason it has “so many digits” is because it’s irrational. Irrational numbers are numbers that can’t be expressed as a division of two integers. This isn’t a rare thing – there are many other irrational numbers, such as the square roots of 2, 3, 5, and others. In fact, there are more irrational numbers than rational numbers! Being irrational is one of Pi’s *least* interesting properties.
Pi wasn’t created but is instead a mathematical constant that was *discovered*.
Pi has an enormous number of uses in mathematics and sciences, including:
* Geometry and trigonometry: the formulae for ellipses, spheres, cones, and tori
* Units of angle: the calculation of angle units measured in radians are based on pi
* Linear algebra: Eigenvalues
* Statistics and probability: Gaussian integrals
* Inequalities
* Topology and differential geometry
* Fourier series
Pi even shows up in truly fundamental knowledge about the deep nature of the universe, such as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which is a core principle of quantum mechanics.
Finally, pi appears in what is probably the most beautiful equation of all time: The Euler identity.
e^*i**π* + 1 = 0
in which
* e is Euler’s number, the base of natural logarithms
* *i* is the imaginary unit, which by definition satisfies *i*^2 = −1
* *π* is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
* 1 is the multiplicative identity
* 0 is the additive identity
This single equation is remarkable in that it is so exceedingly simple and yet that it connects such separate and powerful concepts in mathematics. Each of its five parts is a fundamental concept all in itself, so the longer you study it, the more majestic it becomes.
Edit: Fixed an exponent
It wasn’t created, more like found. Likely first by whomever needed to know how long rope or such to go around a round thing of some size. First people likely thought it to be just 3 and a bit. The more accurate the need went, the more digit came in. For example building mechanical clocks you need to know very exactly how wheels of different sizes move eachothers, so you need very many digits of pi. It actually has infinite amount of digits, but proving that is beyond my explanation skills.
It is needed practically in every calculation that has anything round, rotating or something to do with angles sooner or later.
Well pi itself inherently has something to do with a circle. But circles show up all the time.
Circular motion is quite common and more intricate periodic motions or in general a periodic function can be chopped up into functions that would describe circular motion for example.
Or any system that has some circular or spherical symmetry. Those are common.
In cases like these pi will show up. Take sin and cos for example. They are derived from circles originally. And later on you can figure out how they can be derived from the exponential function. The exp function is something that tends to show up everywhere because of its special properties.
exp is more or less everywhere and circle things are part of exp and when we are talking circles pi shows up.
So yes pi is technically the circle constant but you are underestimating how fundamental circles are, or better yet how special the exponential function is.
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