The basic idea is they rearrange electrons in molecules found in the air they filter. Our air is filled with the good stuff (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen) but also bad stuff (pollen, pet dander, pollutants, germs). By rearranging the electrons you basically turn the “bad stuff” into magnets, they start grabbing and pulling onto each other into big clumps. These big clumps can either be filtered easier or will settle out of the air faster, because they are now bigger. That’s pretty much the 101 for air.
In water, it does similar stuff with electrons but specifically creates a molecule called “Ozone”. Ozone is a fairly nasty chemical because it really, really wants to change it’s chemistry and does so violently. Think of ozone of a car missing it’s roof that wants to “suck” steel from surrounding buildings to get it’s roof. Drive it down a road and those cars pull all the steel out of the surrounding buildings and they now collapse. After Ozone is done doing it’s nastiness it becomes just a pile of normal oxygen atoms which can’t hurt us. So we use this process to kill all the living things in a water supply and by the time we drink it, it’s just plain water.
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