Eli5: How does radioactivity kill/mutate the body?

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Apologies if the tag is wrong!

From what I understand, the radiation doesn’t do squat untill it’s ionized. The way it was explained to me is that the Radiation is the knife, while the ionization is the hand weilding the knife.

So how does it affect the body? I know it does something to our DNA but what does it do specifically?

Bonus Question: What did scifi writers assume Gamma Ray’s would do to Bruce Banner to make him the Hulk, as opposed to what it does IRL and just… kill you.

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Anonymous 0 Comments

>From what I understand, the radiation doesn’t do squat untill it’s ionized

Not really correct.

Radiation, depending on the type (there are many) may be ionizing radiation, which generally will damage DNA and cause cancer.

Non-ionizing radiation can cause damage and cancer, but less obviously so. For example, if you get UV light exposure to the skin (photon radiation), it can cause burns and eventually cancer. If you drink tea that is too hot, studies show the heat can denature the DNA in your throat and cause cancer.

TL;DR – ionizing radiation is universally bad. Non-ionizing radiation is less bad, but can still be bad.