[ELI5] How does something reach negative decibels?

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Microsoft made a -23 decibel room, but how does that work exactly? Once something hits 0 decibels how exactly can we measure it getting more quiet than that?

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Sound is basically vibrating air. Vibrations in the air means the air is pressurised which can be measured to know the intensity of a sound. Since using regular units of pressure isn’t very clear, we use the decibel which makes it more clear by taking the human perception of the sound into account so 0dB doesn’t mean that the air isn’t vibrating, just that we can’t feel it vibrating. Thus a negative level of decibel doesn’t mean there isn’t any sound, more like we can’t perceive it with our ears.

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