decibels are often used to describe relative measurements or changes in measurements as well as absolute measurements (where a fixed value is 0dB). In which case it could be that there is 23 dB of loss (~200x smaller) of a signal from the outside of the room to the inside of the room. It could be that there is 23 dB of loss from a signal in the center of the room, bouncing off the walls and measured again at the center of the room.
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