Eli5: How does Speed Camera or Radar work?

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How can the radar capture a specific vehicle moving at a specific speed while there are other vehicles moving alongside?

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Speed radars use the Doppler effect: the frequency of radio waves bounced off an oncoming vehicle is higher than their original frequency, and the frequency of radio waves bounced off an vehicle moving away is lower than their original frequency. The amount of change in frequency is proportional to the vehicle’s speed. Since the radar “knows” what frequency of radio waves it send a out, calculating speed from the frequency of the received waves is pretty straightforward.

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