Eli5: how does spice work

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What in capsaicin makes it spicy/hot? What element the chemical make up makes it act like it does?

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Capsaicin acts on the receptor TRPV1, which can detect high temperatures and acidic conditions (among other things) and triggers a sensation of heat and pain when it does. Capsaicin is neither of those things, but because it can get the receptor to activate, it triggers these effects regardless.

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