The tube is hollow, and inside there is a sort of gasket the fits neatly in the width of the tube. The center of that gasket has a kind of valve that flexes when air moves through it to produce a sound. When you flip the stick over, the weight of the internal mechanism pulls it down, forcing the air in the tube through the valve, producing a noise. When you flip it over again, the air is now flowing through the valve in the opposite direction, producing a different kind of noise.
The size of the cavity that produces the sound changes, if I am thinking of the same device as you’re trying to describe. It’s effectively the same as using bottles or glasses of water filled to different levels as an instrument, except a sliding rod is used instead of liquid.
When you turn the stick one way, a piece inside the cavity moves and the cavity expands while causing air around the valve to reverberate, producing sound. When you turn the stick the other way, the cavity shrinks and the sound changes in “reverse”.
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