Forecasting (at least what you’re talking about ie days/week in advance) doesn’t really use radar but rather takes observations (temperature, pressure, atmospheric energy) at some distance from you and plugs those variables into equations that calculate what they will be in the future over your location. This is the basis for weather models.
Radars can tell you about what’s happening currently since precipitation scatters the energy from a radar beam. Depending on how strong the energy scatters, we know if it’s a strong rain/snow storm or just a drizzle or flurry.
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