Is it a force field like the glass dome in the Simpsons movie or the one surrounding Wakanda in Black Panther? Or is it just a region of gas? How does it hold itself together? Isn’t space a vaccum, so wouldn’t the atmosphere get sucked into space? Or is gravity strong enough to counter the vaccum of space?
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To start, the thing holding it down is just gravity. Gasses “feel” the pull of gravity the same way you and I, they are just in a different physical state.
So there’s no force shield or anything holding them in, it’s the earths gravity that is pulling it all down and keeping it on earth. But some can and does get knocked away, during solar storms we can lose gas to space sometimes.
But overall, the gravity of earth is strong enough to hold those gasses near earths surface and keep them from floating off into space. The same way earths gravity keeps our feet on the ground. Or causes water to flow downhill.
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