Eli5 how inbreeding causes the offspring have a higher change if developing genetic disorders
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Genes can be dominant or recessive. If you have two variants of a gene and one is dominant then only the dominant will be active.
Recessive genes are more commonly negative effects, as people can carry the gene without getting it’s effect it isn’t sorted out as efficiently by evolution.
If you have offspring with closely related people then the chance that your problematic recessive genes match up with an unproblematic dominant one is lower.
So you have GOOD/bad and your sibling has GOOD/bad in the same location then there is a 25% chance your kid gets the bad/bad combination. For remotely related people that is less likely because the bad genes will rarely be in the same position to meet up.
**DNA is like an instruction manual** for how your body should be built and run.
**You inherit one full set of instructions from your mom and one full set from your dad**. So you actually have two versions / copies of each page of the instruction manual. So as long as one of those versions is good ans readable, you have no problem building the thing. If your dad’s page 6 is torn or ripped out or smudged, you can use your mom’s copy.
Here’s the problem: **If your parents are related, they have a bigger chance of both having the same damage on the same pages of their instruction manuals**. That increases the chances that there will be a page you can’t read in either set of instructions, so you’re screwed. In this analogy, that’s a genetic disorder. When you get the same defective gene copy from both parents. In can still randomly happen with non-related parents, but it’s more likely if they are.
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