In movies it’s usually green-screen and a lot of FX blending. Except in fully CG movies, where everything is rendered using imported or modeled assets and FX.
Doesn’t happen too often these days but there’s also practical FX, where they play with scale models and high FPS or tilt-shift capture to make small things look enormous.
If you look through “the making of” videos for many movies or shows they’ll show you the green screen sets and blending passes that are done in post-processing to get the final shot.
If you want to know the absolute most basic concepts of modeling/rendering, grab a download of blender and follow some beginner videos for making a character, or making fire/smoke effects. You’ll gain an appreciation for exactly how meticulous the workflows are and how much dedication goes into the craft.
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