Solar panels are always installed at a tilt, right? Is the direction of the tilt arbitrary or are longitude and latitude and all that taken into account?
Latitude is the dominate factor. Solar panels are most efficient when installed perpendicular to incoming sunlight. This is determined by latitude.
Other variables include time-of-day and date-of-year but these are not accommodated unless you have a tracking array.
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Solar panels are tilted because in thenorthern hemisphere sun is at the south (it moves from east to west – but always on the south side of the sky), by tilting the solar panel towards the sun (to the south) you increase energy generation.
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