Are the phases of the moon created by the earth’s shadow? And, if so, how can i see the moon in its phase during the daytime?
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No the moon’s phases are due to the fact that only half of the moon is lit up by the sun at any given moment. If the Earth is approximately between the sun and the moon the we are seeing the lit up side which is a full moon. Then as the moon orbits the earth we see less and less of the lit up side until the moon is approximately between the earth and the sun, at which point there is a new moon.
If all three are precisely in line then we get an eclipse, but this doesn’t happen every cycle because the orbits are not quite aligned.
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