Eli5 how we know that’s gas giants like Jupiter have a very small rock mass while the rest of it is just gas?

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How we know if gas giants atmosphere extend to the core while no one was able to check if it true ?

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We don’t, not sure why you think we do? However, we do have a very good idea of the density of the gas giant planets (we can measure their mass from their gravitational effects and we know how big they are), and so we know that even if they *do* have solid rock cores they can’t be very big. Saturn, in particular, would actually float in water if you could find a sea big enough, so it’s very light indeed.

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