An important thing to thunk about is what is freezing? It’s the state in which particles don’t have enough heat energy to move away from each other. When two oxygen/hydrogen molecules get close to each other basically nothing happens (there is some interaction between the electron clouds but it is very weak) water on the other hand interact fairly strongly with itself, due to how the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen end up with more electron towards the oxygen and fewer towards the hydrogen. This means the negative oxygens of one molecule of water stick well to the positive hydrogens of another molecule, it requires more heat energy to break this bond leading to a higher freezing point.
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