It entirely depends on what tools you might have available. Just looking at color help with the obvious ones like gold and copper. You can estimate carbon content of steel with some spark tests. I believe you can probably recreate them with some kind of hard scraping implement.
Mercury, gallium, and other stuff like that that are liquid, or readily melt are obviously easier to tell apart. Lead, gold, and stuff like that are super soft and stuff too.
If you’re looking for a more specific answer, you’d need to be more specific about what kinds of metals you’re thinking of.
Also somethings aren’t magnetic, if that one wasn’t obvious.
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