High school level: Particles like electrons, neutrons, and protons stay around and just change arrangements……
College: …..but you can annihilate particles with their anti-partner to release energy, and the particles can change as long as you conserve charge. You can also generate particle pairs with high energy events.
Grad school: Except at the biggest scales you don’t even have to conserve energy. For more details here’s something about Noether and a big big textbook. Have fun.
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