I just watched a YT video by astronomy news blogger Anton Petrov related to this question. It’s called the Leventhal paradox. It’s about how rare life in the universe may actually be. Here’s my understanding of it. The protein required for photosynthesis has to be folded in a specific way. Researchers have figured out that the required folding is only 1 out of 10^300 possible combos. Researchers have also estimated that there only 10^30 places in the milky way where this protein can potentially form. That averages out to 1 potential creation of this photosynthesis protein per 10^10 milky way like galaxies.
edit: can’t remember if the numbers are exactly correct, but the scale is right.
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