Soap molecules have two ends: one end that sticks to water molecules, and one end that sticks to oils and dirt and such. So when you clean a window with soap, the soap molecules stick to the oil and dirt on the window, and then they stick to the water that rinses them away, taking the dirt/oil with it.
For rubbing alcohol, it actually dissolves oil residue, which is why you can also use it to clean sticker residue off a window (glue molecules and oil molecules are chemically similar in many cases).
Hydrogen peroxide works by causing a chemical reaction with the things it touches. However, it turns out that the reactions it causes are not really that useful for cleaning a window. We don’t use it because it doesn’t work the way we need it to.
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