eli5 If the photons in light have no mass, why are they refracted by high gravity around stars and black holes in vaccuum, or mediums like water, glass and air?
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Because Newton was wrong.
Newton derived the force of gravity using the formula of (G*m1*m2)/(d^2). At that formula works for basic calculations. But he was wrong.
Einstein proved that gravity isn’t a force attracting objects of mass but rather a warping of space time as a result of mass. Gravity functions because mass bends space. As a result light is effected by gravity because light travels in a straight line through curved space and thus follows the curve.
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