eli5: if we all come from the same biological mother (look up “mitochondrial eve”) how did we manage to get 8 blood groups?

Question

How did we manage to become so diverse if we all come from the same “mother” is my question. The blood thing is a correlated thing

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Answer 1

One doesn’t always inherit exactly the same genes from one’s parents. With each new generation there is a chance for mutation. Many mutations are lethal, some are harmless, some have no obvious manifestation (what we refer to as “junk DNA”), and some offer a survival benefit (which leads to forming a separate species).