Pretty much the title
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There’s a class of drugs called SGLT-2-Inhibitors. They were originally devised to help with diabetes, as they block re-absorption of sugar in the kidney, thus leading to more sugar being excreted, lowering blood sugar levels.
Surprisingly, it was found out that these drugs also help with heart failure. It’s clear they do, based on numerous clinical trials for various competing drugs – but while there’s a ton of plausible mechanisms, there’s no smoking gun for either of them. Indeed, the effect may actually be mediated in parallel over several causative mechanisms.
When you do a well-designed clinical trial, you can be relatively sure that there is an effect (and you can quantify how sure you are). But it doesn’t tell you anything about the actual mechanism – that requires other kind of research.
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