You can, with some.
Also, some programs installations are pretty much just a decompressing. You could copy the “installed” files to another computer and it would work fine.
But some programs need to (simplistic put)change specific configurations on your computer to work. So before you can use it the installation will make those changes, and then the program will work. Moving the files to another computer wouldn’t work as the new computer wouldn’t have the necessary changes
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