Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the top of the stomach (cardiac sphincter) does not completely close. Stomach contents (including acidic digestive fluid) reaches the esophagus which, unlike the stomach, has no protective mucous layer. Digestive fluid irritates the esophagus, causing discomfort we call heartburn.
Ant-acids neutralize acid in digestive fuids which temporarily reduces discomfort. Lifestyle changes can reduce the cardiac sphincter’s tendancy to not close fully. Drugs can reduce acid production.
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