In a two (or more) party system where one party may have two (or more) candidates while the other (or more) party has one, AND the first party splits their vote, the second party be elected despite having few votes than the other party. Instead of traditional voting where you vote for one candidate (or party in most cases), you vote for your first choice, then your second, then third, fourth, and so on.
Think of it as something like “I want this person, but if I can’t have they/them, I would have this other person, then this person”.
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